Half a million cadaver boxes stored out in the open in Madison, Georgia
Republican reptilian rap democrat.
Madison Georgia: 500000 cadaver boxes, cremation boxes that can hold 3 bodies each are stored out in the open in Madison, Georgia about 95 kilometres from:
Atlanta Georgia location of C N N, Fema Administrative Headquarters the illegal Georgia Guide Stones and the Bank of America Plaza.
The CNN Center is the world headquarters of the Cable News Network (CNN). The main newsrooms and studios for several of CNN’s news channels are located in the building. The facility’s commercial office space is occupied entirely by CNN and its parent company, Turner Broadcasting System, a division of Time Warner.
It is located downtown in Atlanta, Georgia next to Centennial Olympic Park at 190 Marietta Street, although its official postal address is 1 CNN Center.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN_Center
While the administrative headquarters of FEMA is located in Atlanta, Georgia, with various branch offices across America, the tactical headquarters are located in a gigantic underground facility near Bluemont Virginia. This site is called Mt. Weather, and has also been referred to as the Western Virginia Office of Controlled Conflict Operations, a name that will appear more accurately descriptive as you read on.
http://www.theforbiddenknowledge.com/hardtruth/fema_underground.htm
The Georgia Guidestones is a large granite monument in Elbert County, Georgia, USA also near Atlanta.
A message consisting of a set of ten guidelines or principles is engraved on the Georgia Guidestones in eight different languages, one language on each face of the four large upright stones. Moving clockwise around the structure from due north, these languages are: English, Spanish, Swahili, Hindi, Hebrew, Arabic, Chinese, and Russian.
1. Maintain humanity under 500,000,000 in perpetual balance with nature.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_Guidestones
This means the Georgia Guide Stones are in violation of the Genocide Convention. 500 million people, half a billion, means a population reduction of more than 93% and depopulation (reduction) with more than 100 people is mass murder and with more than 1000 people is genocide. The Georgia Guide Stones are illegal and the Georgia Guide Stones should be removed immediately.
Georgia Guide Stones guideline number 10:
Be not a cancer on the earth — Leave room for nature — Leave room for nature.
Genetic Armageddon Humanity’s greatest threat (You Tube).
The Sunday Times April 2, 2008:
We have created human-animal embryos already, say British team
http://www.chiro.org/nutrition/FULL/Avoid_GMOs.shtml
http://truefoodnow.org/shoppers-guide
Bank of America Plaza is a skyscraper located in the SoNo district of Atlanta, Georgia. At 312 m (1,024 ft) the tower is the 42nd-tallest building in the world. When it first opened, it was the 9th tallest building in the world, and 6th tallest building in the United States. It is also the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere outside of Chicago and New York City, Georgia’s tallest building, and the tallest building in any U.S. state capital. It has 55 stories of office space and was completed in 1992, when it was called the NationsBank Building. Originally intended to be the headquarters for C&S/Sovran Bank, it became NCNB/NationsBank’s property following the 1991 merger of C&S/Sovran and NCNB.[6]
The Bank of America Plaza was the last American skyscraper built to be one of the ten tallest in the world, until the Trump International Hotel and Tower was built in Chicago.
Currently, the largest tenant is the law firm of Troutman Sanders.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_America_Plaza_%28Atlanta%29
According to the following source the cadaver boxes are able to hold up to 5 bodies each, 2.5 million bodies in total:
http://www.dailypaul.com/39096/fema-coffins-in-georgia
Burial vaults are coffins by any other name.
Submitted by SteveMT on Wed, 04/14/2010 – 14:50.
3-5 bodies can fit into each one and can be transported to other places easily. They are stack able! How convenient!
http://www.polyguardvaults.com/index.cfm?ID=1
Will Al C I A dah mini nuke Atlanta and blame Iran?
Madison Georgia: 500000 cadaver boxes, cremation boxes that can hold 3 bodies each are stored out in the open in Madison, Georgia about 95 kilometres from:
Atlanta Georgia location of C N N, Fema Administrative Headquarters the illegal Georgia Guide Stones and the Bank of America Plaza.
Atlanta is the capital and most populous city in the US state of Georgia. According to the 2010 census, Atlanta’s population is 420,003.The Atlanta metropolitan area, with 5,268,860 people, is the third largest in the Southern United States and the ninth largest in the country. The Atlanta Combined Statistical Area, a larger trade area, has a population approaching six million and is the largest in the Southeast. Like many urban areas in the Sun Belt, the Atlanta region has seen increasing growth since the 1970s, and it added about 1.6 million residents between 2000 and 2010.
Atlanta is considered to be a top business city and is a primary transportation hub of the Southeastern United States—via highway, railroad, and air. Metro Atlanta contains the world headquarters of corporations such as The Coca-Cola Company, The Home Depot, AT&T Mobility, UPS, Delta Air Lines, and Turner Broadcasting. Atlanta has the country’s fourth-largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies, and more than 75 percent of Fortune 1000 companies have business operations in the metropolitan area, helping Atlanta realize a gross metropolitan product of US$270 billion, accounting for more than two-thirds of Georgia’s economy. Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport has been the world’s busiest airport since 1998.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta_georgia
Norway shootings: Anders Breivik cannot get more than 21 years
Despite his mass killing spree, the maximum sentence Anders Breivik could be handed by a court is just 21 years.
See picture of Norway’s luxury prison:
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/norway/8658063/Norway-shootings-Anders-Breivik-cannot-get-more-than-21-years.html
A prisoner is required to spend at least 10 years in custody before becoming eligible for parole.
It means Breivik could be out as early as 2021
Russia’s Medvedev: Attack on Iran will endanger entire world
Not could or would: will! (W I I I)
By Adar Primor and Haaretz Correspondent
Russia’s Medvedev: Attack on Iran will endanger entire world
http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/russia-s-medvedev-attack-on-iran-will-endanger-entire-world-1.253767
ISIS Report 21/02/11
Emergency! Pathogen New to Science Found in Roundup Ready GM Crops?
A team of senior plant and animal scientists have recently brought to my attention the discovery of an electron microscopic pathogen that appears to significantly impact the health of plants, animals, and probably human beings. Based on a review of the data, it is widespread, very serious, and is in much higher concentrations in Roundup Ready (RR) soybeans and corn-suggesting a link with the RR gene or more likely the presence of Roundup. This organism appears NEW to science!
http://www.i-sis.org.uk/newPathogenInRoundupReadyGMCrops.php
“Researcher: Glyphosate (Roundup) or Roundup Ready Crops May Cause Animal Miscarriages”, Jill Richardson, La Vida Locavore, 18 February 2011
http://www.lavidalocavore.org/diary/4523
http://ec.europa.eu/food/dyna/gm_register/index_en.cfm
Genetic engineering
Genetically
modified
organisms
Mammals
Mouse (Knockout mouse · Oncomouse) · Enviropig · Herman the Bull · Knockout rat
Plants
Tomato (Flavr Savr · Fish tomato) · Golden rice · Transgenic maize (MON 810 · MON 863) · Transgenic soybean · Bt brinjal · Blue rose · Knockout moss · Amflora
Fish
Glofish · Salmon
Bacteria and viruses
Ice-minus bacteria · Hepatitis B vaccine · Onyx-015
Processes
Inserting DNA
Biolistics · Agrobacteria · Transfection · Electroporation · Microinjection · Viral transformation · Lipofection ·
Types
Recombinant DNA · Transgenesis · Cisgenesis
Uses
In agriculture
Food (Controversy) · Pharming (Molecular farming) · Monsanto
In humans and diagnostics
Gene therapy · Genetic enhancement
In research
Gene knockout · Gene knockdown · Gene targeting
Related articles
Transgene · Detection of genetically modified organisms · Genetic pollution · Eugenics · Genetic engineering in fiction
Similar fields
Synthetic biology · Cloning · Stem cell research
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_organism
Herman the Bull (Lelystad, 16 December 1990 – Leiden, 2 April 2004) was the first genetically modified or transgenic bovine in the world. The announcement of Herman’s creation caused an ethical storm.
Life
At the early embryo stage, he was genetically engineered in a laboratory by Gen Pharm International of Mountain View, California. Scientists microinjected cells with the human gene coding for lactoferrin. The Dutch Parliament changed law in December 1992 to allow Herman to reproduce. Eight calves were born in 1994 following a breeding program established at Gen Pharm’s European laboratory in Leiden, the Netherlands. All calves inherited the lactoferrin production gene. Herman went on to father 55 calves.
Dutch law demanded he be slaughtered at the conclusion of his role in the experiment. The Dutch Agriculture Minister at the time, Jozias van Aartsen, agreed, however, to a reprieve, provided Herman did not have more offspring, after public and scientists rallied to his defence.
Together with cloned cows named Holly and Belle, he lived out his retirement at Naturalis, the National Museum of Natural History in Leiden. Herman the Bull was one of the oldest bulls ever in the Netherlands.
Death
On 2 April 2004, Herman was euthanised by vets from the University of Utrecht because he suffered badly from osteoarthritis.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_the_Bull
New Federal Guidelines Will Allow Creation of Human-Animals Chimeras
From Environment News Service <www.ens-newswire.com
Stem Cell Research Guide Permits Creation of Human-Animal Chimeras
WASHINGTON, DC, April 27, 2005 (ENS) – A new set of guidelines for human embryonic stem cell research issued Monday by the National Academies of Sciences would permit the creation of human-animal hybrids, but would not allow them to breed. The guidelines permit the introduction of human embryonic stem cells into nonhuman mammals, “under circumstances where no other experiment can provide the information needed.”
Stem cells usually are taken after three to five days from a blastocyst – a mass of about 150 cells that occurs at an early stage of human development before implantation in the uterus.
Under the guidelines, research organizations would establish Embryonic Stem Cell Research Oversight (ESCRO) committees, but not as replacements for other research compliance bodies such as institutional review boards already required by federal regulations.
Nuclear transfer, the technique currently used in the cloning of adult animals, is the transfer of a nucleus from one cell to another, creating a new cell with a different nucleus. All cloning experiments of adult mammals have used a variation of nuclear transfer.
“Nuclear transfer must not be used for reproductive cloning,” the guidelines committee warned, reiterating a recommendation from a previous National Academies report.
The guidelines open a path for experiments that create animals that contain some introduced human embyronic stem cells.
These hybrid part human, part animal creatures, called chimeras, would be “valuable in understanding the etiology and progression of human disease and in testing new drugs, and will be necessary in preclinical testing of human embryonic stem cells and their derivatives,” the guidelines committee said. Chimeras might also be used to grow organs, such as livers, to transplant into humans.
Today, faulty human heart valves are sometimes replaced with valves taken from cows and pigs, making the recipient a human-animal chimera, and the procedure is considered acceptable.
“No human embryonic stem cells should be put into nonhuman primate blastocysts,” the guidelines say, and “no animal into which human embryonic stem cells have been introduced should be allowed to breed,” the committee warned.
http://www.organicconsumers.org/patent/chimeras042805.cfm
29 July 2011 Last updated at 07:49 GMT
‘Super antibody’ fights off flu
By James Gallagher Health reporter, BBC News
The first antibody which can fight all types of the influenza A virus has been discovered, researchers claim.
Sir John said the structure of the antibody and how it interacted with haemagglutinin had been worked out, which would help in the search for a vaccine, but that was “definitely years away”.
Genetic Armageddon – Humanity’s Greatest Threat
MSNBC
Scientists create animals that are part-human
Stem cell experiments leading to genetic mixing of species
updated 4/29/2005 5:43:59 PM ET
RENO, Nev. — On a farm about six miles outside this gambling town, Jason Chamberlain looks over a flock of about 50 smelly sheep, many of them possessing partially human livers, hearts, brains and other organs.
The University of Nevada-Reno researcher talks matter-of-factly about his plans to euthanize one of the pregnant sheep in a nearby lab. He can’t wait to examine the effects of the human cells he had injected into the fetus’ brain about two months ago.
“It’s mice on a large scale,” Chamberlain says with a shrug.
Doctors have transplanted pig valves into human hearts for years, and scientists have injected human cells into lab animals for even longer.
Biological mixing of species
But the biological co-mingling of animal and human is now evolving into even more exotic and unsettling mixes of species, evoking the Greek myth of the monstrous chimera, which was part lion, part goat and part serpent.
In the past two years, scientists have created pigs with human blood, fused rabbit eggs with human DNA and injected human stem cells to make paralyzed mice walk.
Particularly worrisome to some scientists are the nightmare scenarios that could arise from the mixing of brain cells: What if a human mind somehow got trapped inside a sheep’s head?
The “idea that human neuronal cells might participate in ‘higher order’ brain functions in a nonhuman animal, however unlikely that may be, raises concerns that need to be considered,” the academies report warned.
Mice with human brains
In January, an informal ethics committee at Stanford University endorsed a proposal to create mice with brains nearly completely made of human brain cells. Stem cell scientist Irving Weissman said his experiment could provide unparalleled insight into how the human brain develops and how degenerative brain diseases like Parkinson’s progress.
tanford law professor Hank Greely, who chaired the ethics committee, said the board was satisfied that the size and shape of the mouse brain would prevent the human cells from creating any traits of humanity. Just in case, Greely said, the committee recommended closely monitoring the mice’s behavior and immediately killing any that display human-like behavior.
The Academies’ report recommends that each institution involved in stem cell research create a formal, standing committee to specifically oversee the work, including experiments that mix human and animal cells.
Weissman, who has already created mice with 1 percent human brain cells, said he has no immediate plans to make mostly human mouse brains, but wanted to get ethical clearance in any case. A formal Stanford committee that oversees research at the university would also need to authorize the experiment.
Harvesting human organs from sheep
Few human-animal hybrids are as advanced as the sheep created by another stem cell scientist, Esmail Zanjani, and his team at the University of Nevada-Reno. They want to one day turn sheep into living factories for human organs and tissues and along the way create cutting-edge lab animals to more effectively test experimental drugs.
Zanjani is most optimistic about the sheep that grow partially human livers after human stem cells are injected into them while they are still in the womb. Most of the adult sheep in his experiment contain about 10 percent human liver cells, though a few have as much as 40 percent, Zanjani said.
Because the human liver regenerates, the research raises the possibility of transplanting partial organs into people whose livers are failing.
Zanjani must first ensure no animal diseases would be passed on to patients. He also must find an efficient way to completely separate the human and sheep cells, a tough task because the human cells aren’t clumped together but are rather spread throughout the sheep’s liver.
Zanjani and other stem cell scientists defend their research and insist they aren’t creating monsters — or anything remotely human.
Combining monkeys and people
Drawing ethical boundaries that no research appears to have crossed yet, the Academies recommend a prohibition on mixing human stem cells with embryos from monkeys and other primates. But even that policy recommendation isn’t tough enough for some researchers.
“The boundary is going to push further into larger animals,” New York Medical College professor Stuart Newman said. “That’s just asking for trouble.”
Newman and anti-biotechnology activist Jeremy Rifkin have been tracking this issue for the last decade and were behind a rather creative assault on both interspecies mixing and the government’s policy of patenting individual human genes and other living matter.
Years ago, the two applied for a patent for what they called a “humanzee,” a hypothetical — but very possible — creation that was half human and chimp.
The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office finally denied their application this year, ruling that the proposed invention was too human: Constitutional prohibitions against slavery prevents the patenting of people.
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7681252/ns/health-cloning_and_stem_cells/t/scientists-create-animals-are-part-human
Human-animal hybrid created amid ‘Frankenstein’ warnings
Yahoo!7 July 23, 2011, 1:20 pm
226 Comments
Scientists in the UK have reportedly created more than 150 human-animal hybrid embryos in controversial secretive lab experiments that spread over three years, The Daily Mail has reported.
The stunning revelation has come just a day after a committee of researchers urged for rules governing the creation and use of such hybrid embryos, warning of a ‘Planet of the Apes’ scenario.
The experiment that sounds straight out of a science fiction movie has been described by campaigners as ‘dabbling in the grotesque’ and has raised concerns about the creation of a ‘Frankenstein-like’ monster if it goes wrong.
While these types of experiments don’t seem likely, some researchers argue they could be valuable, the Associated Press reports.
Scientists claim this legalised the creation of hybrids which includes a primate egg fertilised by a human sperm can be used to develop embryonic stem cells which can be used to treat a range of incurable illnesses.
According to The Daily Mail, three labs in the UK were granted licences to carry out the research after the Act came into force but all have now stopped creating hybrid embryos due to a lack of funding.
These labs were at King’s College London, Newcastle University and Warwick University.
The Academy of Medical Sciences has asked for a regulatory body to closely monitor any experiments that risk creating animals with human-like traits or giving animals any appearance or behavioural attributes to resemble humans.
Human-animal hybrids are also reportedly created in other countries, many of which have little or no regulation.
http://au.news.yahoo.com/queensland/a/-/mp/9900405/human-animal-hybrid-created-amid-frankenstein-warnings
150 human animal hybrids grown in UK labs: Embryos have been produced secretively for the past three years
By Daniel Martin and Simon Caldwell
Last updated at 8:19 AM on 25th July 2011
Scientists have created more than 150 human-animal hybrid embryos in British laboratories.
The hybrids have been produced secretively over the past three years by researchers looking into possible cures for a wide range of diseases.
The revelation comes just a day after a committee of scientists warned of a nightmare ‘Planet of the Apes’ scenario in which work on human-animal creations goes too far.
The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority is currently considering whether donors can be paid for their services
The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority is currently considering whether donors can be paid for their services
Last night a campaigner against the excesses of medical research said he was disgusted that scientists were ‘dabbling in the grotesque’.
Figures seen by the Daily Mail show that 155 ‘admixed’ embryos, containing both human and animal genetic material, have been created since the introduction of the 2008 Human Fertilisation Embryology Act.
This legalised the creation of a variety of hybrids, including an animal egg fertilised by a human sperm; ‘cybrids’, in which a human nucleus is implanted into an animal cell; and ‘chimeras’, in which human cells are mixed with animal embryos.
Scientists say the techniques can be used to develop embryonic stem cells which can be used to treat a range of incurable illnesses.
Three labs in the UK – at King’s College London, Newcastle University and Warwick University – were granted licences to carry out the research after the Act came into force.
All have now stopped creating hybrid embryos due to a lack of funding, but scientists believe that there will be more such work in the future.
The figure was revealed to crossbench peer Lord Alton following a Parliamentary question.
Research centre: Warwick University has been growing animal human hybrids over the last three years
Research centre: Warwick University has been growing animal human hybrids over the last three years
Last night he said: ‘I argued in Parliament against the creation of human- animal hybrids as a matter of principle. None of the scientists who appeared before us could give us any justification in terms of treatment.
‘Ethically it can never be justifiable – it discredits us as a country. It is dabbling in the grotesque.
‘At every stage the justification from scientists has been: if only you allow us to do this, we will find cures for every illness known to mankind. This is emotional blackmail.
‘Of the 80 treatments and cures which have come about from stem cells, all have come from adult stem cells – not embryonic ones.
‘On moral and ethical grounds this fails; and on scientific and medical ones too.’
Josephine Quintavalle, of pro-life group Comment on Reproductive Ethics, said: ‘I am aghast that this is going on and we didn’t know anything about it.
‘Why have they kept this a secret? If they are proud of what they are doing, why do we need to ask Parliamentary questions for this to come to light?
‘The problem with many scientists is that they want to do things because they want to experiment. That is not a good enough rationale.’
Test centre: Newcastle University was another site where human animal hybrid testing was being undertaken
Test centre: Newcastle University was another site where human animal hybrid testing was being undertaken
Earlier this week, a group of leading scientists warned about ‘Planet of the Apes’ experiments. They called for new rules to prevent lab animals being given human attributes, for example by injecting human stem cells into the brains of primates.
But the lead author of their report, Professor Robin Lovell-Badge, from the Medical Research Council’ s National Institute for Medical Research, said the scientists were not concerned about human-animal hybrid embryos because by law these have to be destroyed within 14 days.
He said: ‘The reason for doing these experiments is to understand more about early human development and come up with ways of curing serious diseases, and as a scientist I feel there is a moral imperative to pursue this research.
‘As long as we have sufficient controls – as we do in this country – we should be proud of the research.’
However, he called for stricter controls on another type of embryo research, in which animal embryos are implanted with a small amount of human genetic material.
Human-animal hybrids are also created in other countries, many of which have little or no regulation.
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2017818/Embryos-involving-genes-animals-mixed-humans-produced-secretively-past-years.html
The Sunday Times
We have created human-animal embryos already, say British team
From The Times
April 2, 2008
We have created human-animal embryos already, say British team
Mark Henderson, Science Editor
Embryos containing human and animal material have been created in Britain for the first time, a month before the House of Commons votes on new laws to regulate the research.
A team at Newcastle University announced yesterday that it had successfully generated “admixed embryos” by adding human DNA to empty cow eggs in the first experiment of its kind in Britain.
The Commons is to debate the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill next month. MPs have been promised a free vote on clauses in the legislation that would permit admixed embryos. But their creation is already allowed, subject to the granting of a licence from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA).
The Newcastle group, led by Lyle Armstrong, was awarded one of the first two licences in January. The other went to a team at King’s College London, led by Professor Stephen Minger. The new Bill will formalise their legal status if it is passed by Parliament.
Admixed embryos are widely supported by scientists and patient groups as they provide an opportunity to produce powerful stem-cell models for investigating diseases such as Parkinson’s and diabetes, and for developing new drugs.
Their creation, however, has been opposed by some religious groups, particularly the Roman Catholic Church. Cardinal Keith O’Brien, the head of the Catholic Church in Scotland, described the work last month as “experiments of Frankenstein proportion”.
The admixed embryos created by the Newcastle group are of a kind known as cytoplasmic hybrids, or cybrids, which are made by placing the nucleus from a human cell into an animal egg that has had its nucleus removed. The genetic material in the resulting embryos is 99.9 per cent human.
The BBC reported that the Newcastle cybrids lived for three days, and that the largest grew to contain 32 cells. The ultimate aim is to grow these for six days, and then to extract embryonic stem cells for use in research.
Once the technique has been tested, scientists hope to create cybrids from the DNA of patients with genetic diseases. The resulting stem cells could then be used as models of those diseases to provide insights into their progress and to test new treatments.
It is already illegal to culture human-animal embryos for more than 14 days, or to implant them in the womb of a woman or animal, and these prohibitions will remain in the new legislation.
Using cow eggs reflects a short supply of human eggs. There are also ethical difficulties involved in collecting human eggs for research, as the donation process carries a small risk to women.
Professor John Burn, a member of the Newcastle team, told the BBC: “This is licensed work which has been carefully evaluated. This is a process in a dish, and we are dealing with a clump of cells which would never go on to develop. It’s a laboratory process and these embryos would never be implanted into anyone.
“We now have preliminary data which looks promising but this is very much work in progress and the next step is to get the embryos to survive to around six days, when we can hope-fully derive stem cells from them.”
The Newcastle team’s decision to announce its success on television, before its results have been published in a peer-reviewed journal, will also trigger criticism from scientists.
Medical researchers said last night that the experiments were important, but that they wanted to see published details before passing judgment on their merits.
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/article3663033.ece
Human-rabbit clone announced and no noses twitch
By Michael Cook
Courier Mail (Brisbane), 26 August 2003
CHINESE scientists have created hundreds of human-rabbit hybrid embryos, the world’s leading science journal, Nature, announced last week.
Yawn.
So what? Where’s the spike? Delete.
That was the general reaction to one of the most bizarre and horrifying developments in science this year.
This was an event which should have been greeted with gasps of disgust and yawns of the technicolour sort. Instead, a story which Nature treated as a sensational exclusive was deemed so boring that it couldn’t find a berth in the obscurity of world briefs.
True, several ripping yarns were jostling for Australian media attention at the same time, like those sensational sex-chat allegations against Warnie and the Terminator’s mid-life career shift to governator.
All the same, isn’t something dreadfully amiss with our moral antennae when a credible source opens a window on the future of Australian science, spies an ethical catastrophe — and it hardly registers.
Here’s what has happened . . .
A US-trained scientist at Shanghai Second Medical University, Huizhen Sheng, has published a peer-reviewed article in an international journal based in China describing how she created 400 embryos by injecting human DNA into the eggs of New Zealand rabbits. One hundred of these survived for several days.
Sheng says she won’t be implanting these embryos in human surrogate mothers to create carrot-loving kids with floppy ears and big front teeth. Her interest is extracting embryonic stem cells — in the hope of working miracles like getting Christopher Reeve to walk again, curing juvenile diabetes or reversing Parkinson’s disease.
Her overseas colleagues were a tad sceptical about her work, but intrigued. If her results are verified, they will mark a significant advance in cloning technology.
First, they show that it is possible to “reprogram” already-developed adult cells so that they can revert to stem cells which are capable of forming any cell type in the body. Stem cell scientists describe this as the “holy grail” of their specialty.
Second, it shows that hybrid species are possible. Hitherto, efforts to cross humans with other species have failed because mitochondrial DNA in the animal egg cell reacts negatively with human DNA.
And finally, it implies that the “therapeutic cloning” touted by Professor Alan Trounson and other scientists in Australia could be managed on an industrial scale. There is no limit to the number of eggs those hyper-fertile New Zealand rabbits can produce — human eggs are far harder to obtain.
None of the cloning experts interviewed by various newspapers overseas had ethical qualms about the hybrid embryos.
On the contrary, Robin Lovell-Badge, of the UK’s National Institute for Medical Research, says he is impressed. Harvard University cloning expert Douglas Melton says, “I’m glad to see it published as it will encourage others to try it.”
Even American bioethics expert R. Alta Charo, of the University of Wisconsin at Madison, says she can’t see any harm, provided the embryos are not implanted in a woman’s body.
Thankfully, the creation of hybrid species has been banned in Australia. But this doesn’t mean that Sheng’s work — if it proves successful — won’t have an impact here.
Researchers could try to import cut-rate Chinese human-rabbit stem cell lines — they might fit into tight research budgets more easily than 100 per cent human lines.
Furthermore, we could expect an intense and heated campaign to reverse the ban on hybrids in order to make cheap miracle cures possible. Ethics? Well, look here, hybrids have received the full endorsement of Shanghai Municipal Council — what more could you want?
Am I drawing a long bow?
I would have thought so — until last week’s announcement. Then I realised that experimenting on human life at its most vulnerable has lost its power to shock and disgust.
Not even two years ago now, a tiny American biotech company, Advanced Cell Technology, set alarm bells ringing around the world when it claimed it had cloned a handful of human embryos. The ensuing controversy made front-page news, with abundant inside yib-yab about “standing on the threshold of a Brave New World”.
Then there was the passionate, wordy and exhausting debate in Federal Parliament over research on frozen IVF embryos. That ended in victory for the researchers — a victory not only in Canberra, but in the minds of the media, the scientific community and the Australian public.
It has taken less than two years to habituate ourselves to regarding human embryos as pharmaceutical fodder. Now we’ve reached the point where scientists play at the ghastly fantasies of The Island of Dr Moreau and no one blinks.
So don’t be surprised if you read that Dr Huizhen Sheng has been trundled before a parliamentary committee to argue the case for hybrid humans on behalf of the National Stem Cell Centre. If, of course, the media bothers to cover her speech.
Michael Cook is editor of the bioethics e-mail newsletter Australasian Bioethics Information
mcook@australasianbioethics.org
http://www.australasianbioethics.org/Media/2003-08-26-MC-ShanghaiRabbits.html
Embryo Work Raises Specter of Human Harvesting
By Rick Weiss
Washington Post Staff Writer
Monday, June 14, 1999; Page A1
A team of American researchers has quietly begun trying to create the world’s first batches of cloned human embryos, and another team has resumed its controversial cloning of embryos that are part human and part cow, according to scientists involved in the work.
The privately funded work is part of a new surge of human embryo research aimed at developing novel treatments for diseases – but which some scientists believe could be inadvertently paving the way to the first births of cloned babies.
The work is also a vivid reminder that while Congress, the National Institutes of Health and a presidentially appointed bioethics commission debate the finer points of whether federal dollars should be spent on certain types of human embryo research, the private sector is rapidly moving forward to capitalize on the potentially lucrative field.
The two companies that have started the programs to grow their own embryos, Geron Corp. of Menlo Park, Calif., and Advanced Cell Therapeutics (ACT) of Worcester, Mass., are not trying to make full-grown human clones or human-cow hybrids. Rather, the goal is to use the newly cloned embryos as sources of embryonic stem cells, a recently discovered kind of cell that is thought to have the potential to treat a host of chronic ailments, including diabetes and Parkinson’s disease.
Nonetheless, the two programs are the first openly concerted efforts to create human embryos by cloning. They also appear to be the first instances of scientists creating human embryos explicitly for the purpose of harvesting medically useful cells – a practice that President Clinton banned among federally funded researchers 4½ years ago but that remains legal in the private sector.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/science/daily/june99/clone14.htm
China Genetically Modifies Cows To Produce Human Breast Milk
Henry Blodget | Jun. 10, 2011, 7:34 AM
Business Insider
One of the many things the US and Europe are going to have to confront as they compete with an increasingly powerful China is a different sense of ethics.
Western countries are plowing ahead with things like biotech and genetically modified food, of course, but the developments are still lagging behind what science is capable of.
And the West’s food and drug regulators tend to be much stricter, preventing the use of “experimental” treatments that often don’t work or kill people but do often lead to future breakthroughs.
China is unencumbered by such concerns. And don’t think the country isn’t using that to its advantage.
Today’s example:
A China dairy farm has genetically modified cows so they produce human breast milk, Sky News reports. (See video below).
This wouldn’t happen in the United States, because it would freak people out (ethicists, animal rights groups, ordinary citizens).
But the Chinese farmers think it’s pretty darn cool. And they point out that human breast milk is better for humans than cow milk. And they observe that there are about a billion starving people in the world who would love a ready supply of human breast milk and other such foods.
So the morality picture actually isn’t all that clear, either.
Read more: http://www.businessinsider.com/china-genetically-modifies-cows-to-produce-human-breast-milk-2011-6
Institute for Historical Review
Israel is Developing ‘Ethnic Bomb’ for Growing Biological Weapons Arsenal
Mark Weber
Israel is working on an “ethnically targeted” biological weapon that would kill or harm Arabs but not Jews, according to Israeli military and western intelligence sources cited in a front-page report in the London Sunday Times, November 15, 1998 (“Israel Planning ‘Ethnic’ Bomb as Saddam Caves In,” by Uzi Mahnaimi and Marie Colvin).
In developing this “ethno-bomb,” the British paper went on, Israeli scientists are trying to exploit medical advances by identifying distinctive genes carried by some Arabs, and then create a genetically modified bacterium or virus. The goal is to use the ability of viruses and certain bacteria to alter the DNA inside the host’s living cells. The scientists are trying to engineer deadly microorganisms that attack only those bearing the distinctive genes.
The secret Israel program is based at the Institute for Biological Research in Nes Tsiona, a small town southeast of Tel Aviv, the main research facility for Israel’s clandestine arsenal of chemical and biological weapons.
A scientist there said the task is very complicated because both Arabs and Jews are of Semitic origin. But he added: “They have, however, succeeded in pinpointing a particular characteristic in the genetic profile of certain Arab communities, particularly the Iraqi people.” Diseases could be spread by spraying organisms into the air or putting them in water supplies.
Some experts have commented that while an ethnically targeted weapon is theoretically feasible, the practical aspects of creating one are enormous. All the same, a confidential Pentagon report warned last year that biological agents could be genetically engineered to produce new lethal weapons.
US Defense Secretary William Cohen revealed that he had received reports of countries working to create “certain types of pathogens that would be ethnic-specific.” A senior western intelligence source confirmed that Israel is one of the countries Cohen had in mind, the Sunday Times report added.
Reliable Record
The Sunday Times report is all the more credible given the prestigious paper’s past record of reliable reporting. In a detailed front-page report published on June 19, 1977, the Sunday Times first revealed to the world that Israeli authorities had been torturing Palestinian prisoners, that this torture was “widespread and systematic,” and that it “appears to be sanctioned at some level as deliberate policy.” At the time Israeli officials and Jewish-Zionist leaders in the United States protested the Sunday Times revelations, and denied the charge. Later, though, Israeli torture of prisoners was independently verified by Amnesty International, and others.
Another recent Sunday Times article revealed that Israeli jets have been equipped to carry chemical and biological weapons. “There is hardly a single known or unknown form of chemical or biological weapons … which is not manufactured at the [Nes Tsiona] Institute,” a biologist who is a former Israeli intelligence official told the newspaper. And the Israeli newspaper Yediot Ahronot, citing a foreign report, has told readers that hundreds of bottles of deadly anthrax toxin are stored at the Institute.
The “ethnic bomb” claims have been given further credence in Foreign Report, an authoritative Jane’s publication that closely monitors security and military matters. It cites unnamed South African sources as saying that Israeli scientists, in trying to develop an “ethnic bullet” against Arabs, have made use of similar biological studies conducted by South African scientists during the Apartheid era (and later revealed in testimony before that country’s “Truth and Reconciliation Commission”). Foreign Report also says that Israelis have gained insights into the Arab genetic make-up by conducting research on “Jews of Arab origin, especially Iraqis.”
The British Medical Association has become so concerned about the lethal potential of genetically-based biological weapons that it has opened an investigation. Dr. Vivienne Nathanson, who organized the research, said: “With an ethnically targeted weapon, you could even hit groups within a population. The history of warfare, in which many conflicts have an ethnic factor, shows how dangerous this could be.”
A spokesman for Britain’s biological defense establishment confirms that such weapons are theoretically possible. “We have reached a point now where there is an obvious need for an international convention to control biological weapons,” he said.
The Anti-Defamation League lost no time denouncing the Sunday Times “ethnic bomb” report. Abraham Foxman, national director of the influential Jewish-Zionist organization, called it “irresponsible and dangerous.” The ADL official went on: “This sensational story is reminiscent of the age-old anti-Semitic blood libel myth of Jews deviously targeting non-Jews with poison.” Question: How does Foxman know that this report is not true? Do high-level Israeli officials routinely inform the ADL of the Zionist government’s top-secret military programs?
A senior Israeli government official similarly rejected the Sunday Times report, saying “this is the kind of story that does not deserve denial.” Such Israeli declarations are virtually worthless, however, considering that the Zionist state refuses officially to acknowledge that it has nuclear weapons, a fact that even authoritative American sources have confirmed.
‘Human Guinea Pigs’
Victor Ostrovsky, a former case officer of Israel’s Mossad intelligence agency, recalled in his book The Other Side of Deception how he first learned of the Zionist state’s secret weapons center:
It was Uri who enlightened me regarding the Nes Zionna [Tsiona] facility. It was, he said, an ABC warfare laboratory — ABC standing for atomic, biological and chemical. It was where our top epidemiological scientists were developing various doomsday machines. Because we were so vulnerable and would not have a second chance should there be an all-out war in which this type of weapon would be needed, there was no room for error. The [captured] Palestinian infiltrators came in handy in this regard. As human guinea pigs, they could make sure the weapons the scientists were developing worked properly and could verify how fast they worked and make them even more efficient.
As most of the world recognizes, United States policy toward countries that develop nuclear, chemical and biological weapons is sanctimonious and brazenly hypocritical.
Recently, for example, the US government sharply condemned India and Pakistan for testing nuclear weapons. Of course, the only country ever to have actually used nuclear weapons is the United States. In August 1945, American forces instantly killed tens of thousands of Japanese civilians with atomic bombs, first in Hiroshima and then in Nagasaki — even though America’s most competent military leaders held that there was no military need to use the horrific weapon. (See: “Was Hiroshima Necessary,” in the May-June 1997 Journal, pp. 4-12).
To prevent the government of Iraq from developing “weapons of mass destruction” (to use the currently fashionable phrase), the United States regularly bombs the hapless Arab country, and enforces an economic embargo that (according to authoritative estimates) has already claimed the lives of more than 200,000 Iraqi children.
For decades, though, America’s political and intellectual leaders — reflecting their obsequious subservience to Jewish-Zionist interests — condone Israel’s growing arsenal of sophisticated nuclear, chemical and biological weapons.
From The Journal of Historical Review, Nov. — Dec. 1998 (Vol. 17, No. 6), pages 24-25.
http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v17/v17n6p24_Weber.html
Other viral bio weapons: Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever
Salvaggio MR, Baddley JW.
Source
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Boulevard, 229 Tinsley Harrison Tower, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
The term viral hemorrhagic fever refers to a clinical syndrome characterized by acute onset of fever accompanied by nonspecific findings of malaise, prostration, diarrhea,and headache. Patients frequently show signs of increased vascular permeability, and many develop bleeding diatheses. The hemorrhagic fever viruses represent potential agents for biologic warfare because of capability of aerosol transmission, high morbidity,and mortality associated with infection, and ability to replicate in cell culture in high concentrations. Herein we discuss the Filoviridae, the agents of Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15207310
Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses Examined As Potential Bioweapons
ScienceDaily (May 8, 2002) — Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, and other viruses that cause deadly hemorrhagic fever illnesses could be used as biological weapons, according to a report from the Working Group on Civilian Biodefense, a panel of 26 experts convened by the Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The group’s consensus statement, which appears in the May 8, 2002 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), is based on an analysis of published research and offers public health and medical guidelines for managing a potential attack.
Like smallpox and anthrax, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) considers hemorrhagic fever viruses “category A” biological weapons agents, because they have the potential to cause widespread illness and death, and would require special public health preparedness measures to contain an outbreak. The Working Group’s report focuses on eight viruses: Ebola, Marburg, Lassa fever, New World Arenavirus, Rift Valley Fever, yellow fever, Ornsk hemorrhagic fever, and Kyasanur Forest Disease. Ebola and Marburg, which belong to the Filoviridae family of viruses, can be spread from person to person and are among the most deadly hemorrhagic fever illnesses. Ebola kills 50 to 90 percent of those infected, while Marburg is fatal 23 to 70 percent of the time.
“An outbreak of Ebola and Marburg would have a significant impact on our society, because they carry significant morbidity and mortality, and other than supportive medical care, there are no specific treatments,” explains lead author Luciana Borio, MD, fellow at the Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies and the Critical Care Medicine Department of the National Institutes of Health. “It is not possible to predict whether any of the hemorrhagic fever viruses are likely to be used as a bioweapon. However, we know that it is not impossible to weaponize these viruses and we, in medicine and public health, are obliged to prepare.”
If an attack were to occur in the United States, the report notes that diagnosing hemorrhagic fever viruses may be difficult, since most clinicians are unfamiliar with these diseases. Most hemorrhagic fever illnesses begin with a fever and rash, which is similar to other more common illnesses. In addition, there are no widely available diagnostic tests. Currently, the CDC in Atlanta, Georgia and USAMRIID in Frederick, Maryland house the only facilities in the U.S. equipped to diagnose hemorrhagic fever viruses.
According to the Working Group, few effective therapies or vaccines are available to deal with hemorrhagic fever viruses. The antiviral drug ribavirin is recommended only for the treatment of the Arenaviridae and the Bunyaviridae families of viruses. For the Filoviridae (Ebola, Marburg) and the Flaviviridae, the researchers recommend providing supportive care to treat the symptoms of infected patients. There is a vaccine to prevent yellow fever, but it is not widely available and it would not be useful to provide protection after exposure.
The Working Group says strict infection controls must be used to prevent the spread of hemorrhagic fever viruses during an outbreak, many of which can be spread from person-to-person contact, and less commonly, via the airborne route. The report recommends clinicians wear special protective gear and that patients be isolated.
“The Working Group’s consensus recommends improvements to our diagnostic capacity and the development of a rapid test for diagnosing hemorrhagic fever viruses. Research efforts should also focus on new antiviral medications, vaccines, and a more fundamental scientific study of the viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever illness,” adds Dr. Borio.
### “Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses as Biological Weapons, Medical and Public Health Management” was written by Luciana Borio, MD; Thomas V. Inglesby, MD; C.J. Peters, MD; Alan L. Schmaljohn, PhD; James M. Hughes, MD; Peter B. Jahrling, PhD; Thomas Ksiazek, DVM, PhD; Karl M. Johnson, MD; Andrea Meyerhoff, MD; Tara O’Toole, MD, MPH; Michael S. Ascher, MD; John Bartlett, MD; Joel G. Breman, MD, DTPH; Edward M. Eitzen, Jr., MD, MPH; Margaret Hamburg, MD; Jerry Hauer, MPH; D.A. Henderson, MD, MPH; Richard T. Johnson, MD, Gigi Kwik, PhD; Marci Layton, MD; Scott Lillibridge, MD; Gary J. Nabel, MD, PhD; Michael T. Osterholm, PhD, MPH; Trish M. Perl, MD, MSc; Philip Russell, MD; and Kevin Tonat, DrPH, MPH and appears in the May 8 edition of JAMA.
The participant’s institution or agency provided funding for the study.
News releases from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health may be found at http://www.jhsph.edu. Information on the Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense Studies may be found at http://www.hopkins-biodefense.org.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/05/020508074034.htm
Wednesday, 1 December, 1999, 19:04 GMT
‘Trojan gene’ could wipe out fish
GM salmon are currently confined to labs
Just one genetically-modified (GM) fish could wipe out local populations of the species if released into the wild, biologists have warned.
The least fit individual in the population is getting all the matings – this is the reverse of Darwin’s model
Professor William Muir
The researchers believe their results are the first evidence that GM organisms could have catastrophic consequences on their own species. They also believe that other organisms could face similar risks from GM relatives.
William Muir and Richard Howard of Purdue University, Indiana, US, have dubbed their proposal the “Trojan gene” hypothesis, which is reported in New Scientist magazine.
“This resembles the Trojan horse,” said Professor Muir. “It gets into the population looking like something good and it ends up destroying the population.”
Human growth hormone
The researchers studied fish carrying the human growth hormone gene hGH, which increases growth rate and final size. Biologists in the US and Britain are experimenting with salmon engineered in a similar way, although no-one has yet begun commercial production.
Muir and Howard included hGH in embryos of a fish called the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), a common aquarium fish that is widely used in research. They found that modified individuals became sexually mature faster than normal fish and produced more eggs.
The model predicts a wipe-out The model predicts a wipe-out
Other experiments, using non-modified fish, showed that larger males attracted four times as many mates as their smaller rivals. This effect is also known in salmon.
Professor Muir predicts that fish made bigger by genetic engineering would enjoy the same reproductive advantages. So the hGH gene would quickly spread through a fish population.
But Muir and Howard also found that only two-thirds of engineered medaka survived to reproductive age, compared with wild medakas. So the spread of the growth hormone gene could make populations dwindle and eventually become extinct.
It would make it very difficult for anyone at the moment to approve the release of GM fish carrying growth hormone
Professor John Beringer
To quantify this, the researchers plugged their results into a computer model to find out what would happen if 60 transgenic individuals joined a wild population of 60,000 fish. The population became extinct within just 40 generations. Even a single transgenic animal could have the same effect, they found, although extinction would take longer.
“You have the very strange situation where the least fit individual in the population is getting all the matings – this is the reverse of Darwin’s model,” said Professor Muir. “Sexual selection drives the gene into the population and the reduced viability drives the population to extinction.”
Professor David Penman, a fish geneticist at the University of Stirling, said there is evidence that some GM fish modified with growth hormone have reduced sperm production and mating success.
“If large males tend to mate with large females, this would often result in matings between GM fish,” he added. This would decrease rather than increase the spread of the gene.
GM warning
But Professor John Beringer of Bristol University, a former chairman of the committee that advises the UK Government on GM organisms, says the research is a warning.
“It would make it very difficult for anyone at the moment to approve the release of GM fish carrying growth hormone,” he said. “I would have to give a great deal of consideration about whether that’s an intelligent route to go down.”
Professor Muir says that the model may prove an invaluable tool in assessing the dangers of GM organisms. He now hopes to test its predictions in tightly controlled fish farm ponds.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/545504.stm
Scientists discover new route for GM genes to jump speciesPosted by dennis on March 4th, 2011
Researchers from Bristol University in the United Kingdom announced a recent discovery of a relatively new route from which GM genes may escape into the environment. It may further help determine the rate and the range of spread that GM genes may possibly reach and the consequent effects that could arise.
What the researchers may refer to “escape” is the possible horizontal gene transfer of GM genes through infection or multiplication, regardless of the barriers from one species to another. The researchers from Bristol University have been able to show that plant wounds that can be created by abrasion, insect bites and other mechanical means can become possible entry points for gene transfer. This may be made more possible by the actions of the soil bacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
A. tumefaciens is a pathogen known to cause crown gall disease in plants. It is unique among natural plant pathogens in the way that it carries out trans-Kingdom horizontal gene transfer during an infection. The disease causing strain of A. tumefaciens carries a tumor-inducing plasmid that allows the horizontal gene transfer of a part of said plasmid, the T-DNA, into a plant’s own cell genome when the disease causing system of the pathogen is activated. This unique function has also been widely used by biotech companies in order to develop genetically modified organisms or GMO’s.
As A. tumefaciens is a type of pathogen that usually infects plants through wounds, it may be possible that the pathogen may encounter other species of microorganisms, including pathogenic fungi that may use the same method in order to gain entry into a plant. Plant wound sites usually are found abundant with the hormone acetosyringone, making it the area primed for T-DNA transfer by pathogens.
In order to investigate this possibility, the researchers used wilt-causing fungus Verticillium albo-atrum that may also be a strong candidate for encounters with the A. tumefaciens in an infected plant. Previous experiments have shown that V. albo-atrum can’t transform into A. tumefaciens without the presence of acetosyringone. If the fungus is presented with A. tumefaciens in a plant tissue and a transformation occurs, it must be that the wound hormone may be supplied by the plant itself.
The researchers used peeled and sliced potato tubers and carrots as well as cut leaf and stem sections of tobacco as plant tissues for testing. After being sterilized, the plant tissues were then inoculated with both A. tumefaciens and V. albo-atrum and then left at room temperature in a covered agar dish for a period lasting from a minimum of 8 days to a maximum of 42 days.
The researchers were then able to obtain successful transformants of V. albo-atrum from all kinds of the plant tissues tested. The transformants were confirmed with the use of molecular genetic analyses.
The researchers concluded in their study that this may raise some interesting questions whether the ability of the A. tumefaciens pathogen to infect in the natural environment may be more than just being limited to plants. The said pathogen is known to survive within plant tissue and may be found in regenerated transgenic plants. This study may have certain implications in the risk assessment of GM plants.
Source: http://www.i-sis.org.uk/new_route_for_GM_gene_escape.php
http://www.gm.org/gm-organisms/scientists-discover-new-route-for-gm-genes-to-jump-species
